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Sweetness Terms


On the 29th April 2002, the European Union laid down in law the terms that can legally be used on wine labels to indicate the sweetness of a particular wine. Whilst the legal definitions are quite technical, they essentially split wines into 4 groupings – dry, medium-dry, medium-sweet and sweet.

Sweetness Terms

Legal Definition

sec, trocken, secco, asciutto, dry, tør, ξηρός, seco, kuiva, droog or torrt

residual sugar content not exceeding:

(i) 4 grams per litre; or

(ii) 9 grams per litre, provided that the total acidity expressed as grams of tartaric acid per litre is not more than 2 grams below the residual sugar content

demi-sec, halbtrocken, abboccato, medium dry, halvtør, ημίξηρος, semiseco, meio seco, adamado, puolikuiva, halfdroog or halvtorrt

residual sugar content in excess of the maximum set above but not exceeding:

(i) 12 grams per litre; or

(ii) 18 grams per litre, where the minimum total acidity has been set by the individual EU Member State

moelleux, lieblich, amabile, medium, medium sweet, halvsød, ημίγλυκος, semidulce, meio doce, puolimakea, halfzoet or halvsftt residual sugar content higher than the maximum set above but not more than 45 grams per litre
doux, süss, dolce, sweet, sød, γλυκός, dulce, doce, makea, zoet or sftt residual sugar content of at least 45 grams per litre


To complicate matters further sparkling wines including Cava and Champagne have different sweetness scale, which is shown below:

Sweetness Terms

Residual Sugar

Brut Nature - (no added sugar) up to 3 g per litre
Extra Brut up to 6 g per litre
Brut up to 15 g per litre
Extra seco/Extra Dry between 12 and 20 g per litre
Seco/Sec between 17 and 35 g per litre
Semi-seco/Demi Sec between 33 and 50 g per litre
Dulce/Doux more than 50 g per litre


A seperate system of grading sweetness levels exists in the Hungarian region of Tokaj-Hegyalja to describe Tokaji Aszú dessert wines:


Sweetness Terms

Min Residual Sugar

3 puttonyos 60 grams per litre
4 puttonyos 90 grams per litre
5 puttonyos 120 grams per litre
6 puttonyos 150 grams per litre
Aszú-Eszencia 180 grams per litre
Eszencia 450 grams per litre

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